健康兒童及青少年的年齡與性別餘尿量分布圖
王士綱1、趙梓辰1、楊緒棣1、2、張尚仁1、2
1佛教慈濟醫療財團法人台北慈濟醫院；2慈濟學校財團法人慈濟大學醫學院
Age- and Gender-Specific Nomograms of Post-Void Residual Urine In Healthy Children and Adolescents
Shih-Gang Wang1、Tze-Chen Chao1、Stephen Shei-Dei Yang1、2、Shang-Jen Chang1、2
1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan；
2School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
Purpose: To expand the previously established age- and gender-specific nomograms of post-void residual urine (PVR) from children to adolescents.
Materials and Methods: Material and Methods: Healthy children aged 2 to 16 years were enrolled for two sets of uroflowmetry and PVR. The first two consecutive PVRs of each child or adolescent with a voided volume >50 ml in participants >=6 years and >30mL in participants <=5 years were included for construction of PVR nomograms. Children with possible urinary tract infection or neurognenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions were excluded. All PVRs were assessed within 5 min after voiding with suprapubic ultrasound (Logiq Book1, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI), and estimated by the equation of height x width x depth x 0.52 ml. Bladder capacity (BC) was defined as voided volume + PVR.
Results: Totally, 1663 children (841 boys and 822 girls) with a mean age of 9.9±3.9 years with 2752 PVRs were eligible for construction of PVR nomograms. The 95th percentile of PVR for all children was 32.6 ml, or 15.0% of bladder capacity (BC). The table showed the age and gender specific percentile of PVR and PVR/bladder capacity (PVR/BC) from age 2 to 16 years. The PVR and PVR/BC decreased as age increased before age of 12 years. The PVR increased after adolescence while PVR/BC remained stable at 10%. PVR was higher in boys than girls before age of 12 years. In adolescent, PVR was higher in girls.
Conclusion: Age, gender, and BC should be taken into considerations at interpretation of PVR tests in children and adolescents because of gender- and age- differences in bladder function development.