台灣地區630例尿路結石分析及臨床特徵

鄭宛妤¹、曾仁澍^1,2,3

¹馬偕醫學院 醫學系；²台灣基督長老教會馬偕醫療財團法人馬偕紀念醫院 泌尿科；³國立陽明大學生物醫學資訊研究所

Urinary stone analysis and clinical characteristics of 630 patients in Taiwan

Wan-Yu Cheng ¹、Jen-Shu Tseng ^1,2,3

¹ School of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan;

² Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan;

³ Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological features of urinary stone components among individuals with urolithiasis and investigate the potential correlations between stone components and the clinical characteristics of the patients. The results could be beneficial for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urolithiasis.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of urinary stone compositions in 630 patients of MacKay Memorial hospital. The data on urinary stone compositions between February 21, 2006, and October 30, 2021, at our center were collected and analyzed by Infrared spectroscopy.  We investigated the relationship between sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, alcohol consumption, smoking and the different components of urinary stone, which were classified into three main groups: calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), uric acid (UA).

Results: The study found significant correlation (p < 0.05) between stone composition and various factors, including gender, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and cigarette consumption. However, stone composition was not significantly associated with alcohol consumption (p > 0.05). CaOx was the most common component (57.3 %), followed by CaP (22.2%) and UA stone (20.5%). The occurrence of CaOx stones (60.7% vs. 50%, p =0.0115) and UA stones (24.9% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in males, while the result was converse in the CaP stone group (14.4% vs. 39.0%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, as age increased, the proportion of the CaOx group decreased (p = 0.0561) while the proportion of the UA group significantly increased (p < 0.001). Overweight patients are only significantly associated with UA stone (p = 0.0026). As for the comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, there was a significant association between these diseases and CaP or UA stones (p < 0.05), but not CaOx stone (p > 0.05). The risk of developing UA stones was higher in individuals with these comorbidities. Smokers were more likely to develop CaOx stones (p < 0.05), but the opposite is true in UA stones (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results may provide insights into the pathogenesis of urinary stones and the development of preventative strategies for high-risk populations. Further research is required to confirm and expand upon these findings.